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#Spss code if syntax how to#
#Spss code if syntax series#

For example, if a macro contains the line “DEFINE !screen”, the macro name is !screen.

A macro begins with the word “DEFINE.” The next word is the name of the macro.

Macros are written in SPSS syntax, and should generally be saved as a file with a.

Whether you have written a macro yourself, or are downloading it from the Internet, begin by saving it to an accessible directory.

Saved in an accessible directory (preferably the directory which contains other SPSS files for the same project).

In order to use an SPSS macro, the macro must be Raynald’s SPSS Tools site has a large collection. There are literally thousands of ready-made macros freely available online. SPSS macros are fairly easy to create if you have a fundamental understanding of SPSS syntax. For instance, macros can be used to conduct tests of mediation and moderation in regression, estimate path coefficients of other indirect effects, or to perform bootstrapping functions. There are many applications for using macros. While the time-saving potential of a well-designed macro is apparent here, it becomes even more attractive for more complex or frequent SPSS tasks (imagine the previous example, performed every day, using 100 sets of variables, and requiring subtle adjustments to multiple output statistics). This example involves only one simple application of SPSS macros, used for a relatively straightforward task, performed once-per-week.

SPSS Point-and-click interface (GUI) : about 2 hours.These methods and estimates of time required are as follows: Assuming you need to run similar analyses for 12 sets of variables every week, these analyses could be performed using one of three methods. Your report provides descriptive statistics and regression models to examine the impacts of several marketing campaigns on company profits.

Suppose you run weekly analyses for a marketing company.

#Spss code if syntax series#

Macros can conduct a whole series of analyses, make adjustments to multiple output statistics, produce multiple charts with many combinations of variables, or any number of other tasks.Īfter a macro has been defined, written, and saved, it can be used by “Calling” it. The SPSS macro language is quite flexible. Similar to other programs, macros serve to “automate” a series of operations which would be much more time-consuming or complex to perform by issuing commands one step at a time. These mini programs are written in a combination of a special SPSS macro language and the familiar SPSS syntax language. The syntax below gives two examples.An overview of what macros do and how they functionĪn SPSS macro functions as a “mini program” within the syntax of SPSS. In case of string variables, keep in mind that the string values must be quoted and the comparison is case sensitive. Using SPSS = operator is straightforward. Even though it's clear that doctor_rating = 6 indeed for such cases, 6 being a missing value still causes SPSS to return “unknown” for this comparison. Returns system missing values for cases having “6” (a user missing value) on doctor_rating. This holds for user missing values (which are not really missing or unknown) as well. SPSS operators will return a system missing value (meaning “unknown”) when a missing value is encountered in a basic operator. Like so, this is a great shortcut for dichotomizing variables and we'll use it throughout this tutorial and many others. a system missing value for cases having a missing value on doctor_rating.Īfter running this syntax on our data, we see the result in data view as illustrated by the screenshot below.0 for cases not having 5 on doctor_rating.This seemingly trivial fact opens up some surprising shortcuts. SPSS uses 1 to indicate “true” and 0 to indicate “false”. SPSS operators can return three values: true, false and unknown. SPSS Basic Operators ExpressionĮvaluate whether one or both of the conditions hold Missing values doctor_rating to facilities_rating (6).

#Spss code if syntax how to#

We'll demonstrate how to get things done on the last 5 variables in hospital.sav.īefore jumping into SPSS operators, we'll first set 6 as a user missing value for all relevant variables by running They work mostly as you'd expect but they do have a couple of surprises in store. SPSS basic operators are mainly used with IF, DO IF and COMPUTE.

SPSS Basic Operators By Ruben Geert van den Berg under SPSS Blog